Jeffrey Fredberg is a professor of bioengineering and physiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. His primary research interest is asthma. Fredberg was intrigued by the plasticity of the smooth muscle cells that surround the lung's airways, and which are impaired in asthma, so he and some colleagues began to probe the mechanical properties of the cells. Using a method they invented in 1992, in which magnetized beads stretch and pull at cultured cells, the researchers came up with a series of surprising measurements. "They did not fit any preconceived notions about how muscle cells should behave -- or how any cells should behave," Fredberg said.
